Brownstein (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Yale University and Department of Pediatrics at Harvard) in Oecologia March 2005 studied the issue of forest fragmentation in the area of Lyme, Connecticut for which the disease is named. Small mammals are a vector that increases Lyme disease incidence (see Levi’s article, and Ostfeld 2006 ). Whether it is coyotes, as Way and White contend in Northeastern Naturalist, or red foxes as Levi suggests that are the better predator of mice, there is a growing body of evidence to support one fact. The reservoir statement is backed up in another interesting article titled Effect of Forest Fragmentation on Lyme Disease Risk, by Allan et al. In 2000, Richard Ostfeld in Conservation Biology wrote: “in North America, the most competent reservoir host for the Lyme disease agent is the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), a species that is widespread and locally abundant”. Its main contention is that the red fox is directly linked to the population of mice, and he stated that the fox is the most efficient predator of small mammals like mice. He wrote an article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, in May 2012. in Environmental Studies from University of California Santa Cruz, and now accepts grad students for the wildlife and fisheries department at Oregon State. He cites two other studies that show, “In particular, as urban development has become increasingly diffuse and dispersed, large and continuous forestlands were removed or divided into smaller, and less connected patches. In an article in 2011, Weiqi Zhou, of the Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis ) explains that forests have been affected first by agriculture and then by urbanization, where they now regrow on vacant lots and old fields. The concept of urban sprawl can sometimes seem like a bad combination of glib cliché and outdated nineties reasoning.
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